Mu Rwanda rwo hambere, umwami yitwaga izina rigerekwa kury’ubuvuke. Bamuh imbiraga ko avu kana imbuto (amasaka, uburo,inzuzi) kuko ari zo nkuru mu Rwanda zikoreshwa no mu mihangomyinshi. Yambaraga ikamba- bitaga n’igisingo. Ikimenyetso cy’ubutege-tsi bwe n’icy’igihugu ni ingoma y’ingabe. Nk’urugero, ingoma y’Abanyiginya ya nyuma ni Karinga. Mu bihugu byaremye u Rwanda twavugaizi zikurikira : Nyabah inda yo mu Nduga, Ru gara yo mu Bugara, Ruko-mbamazi yo mu Bugesera, Rukurura yo mu Gisa ka n’izindi z’abami bomu majyaruguru y’u Rwan da tubwirwa na Feridina Nahimana : Murizo twavuga nka Nkundabashiru yo mu Bushiru na Kabuce yo mu Rwa-nkeri.
Mu Rwanda, ibindi bimenyetso byarangaga Umwami ni inyundo.Hari nk’izitwa Nyarushara, Nyamigisha, Mpeteyinka, Nshinjamah anga,Nunguyurwanda (zivugwa mu gitabo cya Luc de Heusch : 188). Izonyundo zari nk’impigi cyangwa se nk’icyo bitaga umutsindo wafashagaumwami mu butegetsi bwe. lbyo bigaragarira muri ariya mazina yazo.No ku ngoma byabagaho. Hari iyo Abarundi bari bafite bayita Nangu-rwanda, Abanyarvwanda bashoboye kuy ibiba nyuma bayita Nanguburu-ndi. Twibutse ko ingabe y’i Burundi yitwa Karyenda. lyo ni nk’iy’imi-genzo.
lyo kandi umwami yimaga, bazanaga inguge bakayimenyereza ika-ba aho. Urebye igomba kuba yari iy’umuhango ariko sinawumenye.Umukambwe wambwiye iby’iyo nguge yanyemeje ko zajyanwaga ibwamin’abatware b’Abarembo batwaraga akarere ka Ndiza. Bageragezaga kuyi-fata mu ishyamba rya Busaga riri ku gisi cya Ndiza nyine. Gakwandika Runiga watwaraga ku Ndiza yigeze kuyijyana ibwami aza guhiga n’a-batware mu gitaramo, kugira ngo abereke akarusho ati “ntere keye umwa-mi imfizi”. Iryo jambo ryari rimukozeho aza kwizigura agira ati “eseinguge iri aha si twe tway izanye”. lby’uko ibwami hahoraga ingugenanabisomye mu gitabo cya d’Hertefelt (1971:170).
Umwami yimikwanwaga na nyina. Akenshi izina ry’umugabe kaziritangirwa na Nyira-, rigakurikirwa n’izina ry’ubugabe bw’umwami. Nkomu Rwanda habaga Nyira (Mibambwe), Nyira (Yuhi), Nyira (Kigeri) ure-tse ko umugabekazi kuri Mutara yitwa Nyiramavugo.
No mu mateka havugwa ba Nyirabiyoro wo mu Mubari, Nyiraki-menvi wo mu Gisaka, Nyiransibura wo mu Bunyabungo. Abo babagabarimitswe hamwen’abami bitwa Biyoro, Kimenyi, Nsibura,.
Umugabe kazi yatwaraga igihugu igihe umuhungu we yabagaingoma akiri muto. Utabaga afite nyina bamutsindiraga undi mubyeyi.Mu mateka y’u Rwanda byabaye kuri Ruganzu || Ndori uyu wicyama-mare na Mibambwe |V Rutarindwa wim ikanywe na Kanjogera.
Muri rusange umuhungu yasimburaga se, usibye ko hashoboragakuba ama kimbirane ubutegetsi bugafatwa n’utaburazwe.
Umwam i n’umugabe kazi bafashwaga gutege ka n’abatware n’aba-nyamihango barimo abiru bakagira n’ingabo zirwan irira igihugu. Abirubagombaga kurahira ko batazam ena ibanga bakabinywera igihango.Bagiraga imirimo itandukanye bashinzwe. Mu bakomeye twavuga nk’abi-ru b’ijambo umwami yabwiraga uzamusimbura, abiru b’abimika cyangwase abakoraga imihango y’umuganura.
Umwami yatinyirwaga ko ari we ufite ububasha butuma ababyeyibabyara, amatungo yororoka, imvura igwa, agatanga umugisha cyangwaakavumana mbese akaba hagati y’abantu n’Imana.
lyo yamaraga gutanga, igihe cy’icyunamo cyagezaga ku mezi nk’abi-ri. Mu Rwanda hose ntihagire uhinga, umugabo akazira kwegera umugo-re, imfizi bakazisobanura n’amasumba. Igihe cyo kwirabura iyo cyara-ngiraga bavuzaga ingoma bati “Umwami (mushya) yatanze amasuka'”,imirimo igakomeza nk’uko byari bimeze mbere.
Gutabaza umwami byagiraga imihango yihariye yakorwaga n’abobitaga abarnyamugogo. Bosaga umugogo (niko bita umurambo w’umwa-mi) bakawushyingura mu nzu ku buryo bwabigenevwe ukazashengu kabitinze. Aho babaga bamu tabarije hitwaga ku musezero. Bamaraga igihebaraririye umugogo noneho ya nzu bawu shyinguyemo bakayikinga ba-kayizengurutsa urugo rukomeye. ibivumu byubatse urwo rugo babyita-ga ibigabiro. Gutema ibyo biti cyari ikizira’. Byadutswemo n’Abazungub’abanyamadini bahemu kira batyo abiga amate ka kuko ibyo bigan iro arikimwe mu bintu by’ifatizo byo kumenya ibyahise.
Bite mu Bashi n’ahandi?
lbi tubonye ku Rwanda no mu Bushi ni ko byari biteye. Ingerotwazikuye mu nyandiko ya Chubaka (1982 : 64-80). Umwami w’uBushi na we yimaga ingoma, akambara ikamba (mu mashi bary ita “‘ishi-ama n’«abajinji» ari bongwe”), a kim ikanwa n’umugabekazi, akagirwa inama nabiru, babanza “kunywa echihango” (igihango). Hari “abajinji”” bashi-nzwe “kuyimika mwami”, n’abamufasha “kurya mwaka'” (kuganura) n’abandi bakora imihango yo gushyingura (Umugogo). Umwami WuBushi iyo yatangaga batanyaga imfizi n’amasumba, abagore naba gabontibegerane nk’uko mu Rwanda byagendaga. Mu Bushi naho hai”obugabire”” (ubuhake) n’i Burundi bavuga “ubugabire” naho mu Buhavu n’u Bufurero bakabwita “”obugabire”.
Mu Bahunde, abiru bitwaga “abakungu”, hakabaho umukungun’umwimiki'” (umwimika) n’«umushumburuza» n’abandi. Na bo bemera-ga ko uwimaga yabaga yaravu kanye embuto z’omwami”. (Bashizi 1982:235).
Twagiye muri ibyo bihugu twirengagiza u Burundi kuko ho n’ururi-mi rudatandu kanye cyane n’ikinyarwanda. Ariko ziriya ngero zirerekanako imiterere y’ubutegetsi bwa cyami uko tuyizi itihariwe n’u Rwandan’u Burundi gusa. Ihuriweho na biriya bihugu byose twavuze dutangira.Umunyamate ka w’umurundi witwa Emili Mworoha yaby ise ” lbihuguby’abami”.
Ikindi twakunguka ni uko amate ka y’u Rwanda ubu agenda arusha-ho gusobanu ka neza kubera ko abashakashatsi bahera no ku byizwe kubihugu bidu kikije bityo ntibagendere ku bazirikanyi kavukire gusa.Mwene aba akenshi bahindagura amate ka ukO yagenze bashaka gushyi-ra igihugu cyabo imbere. Muri make nguko uko ubwami bwari buteyemuri izi mpugu. Turebe birambuye umwihariko w’u Rwan da.
Wakwibaza Umwami yari umuntu nk’abandi
Ugenzuye usanga ibyo gukabiriza ubushobozi bw’umwami byaragi-rwaga nabantu bake b’injiji. Abandi bose bakoreshaga amaco yo kwiha-kirwa.
Mu bantu b’ibyegera bamukabirizaga bijijisha harimo abiru n’abandi bitwaga intiti cyangwa abenge b’umwami. Abo ni abasizi, abIs!i’abandi bazirikanyi.
Hari nk’umusizi witwa Semidogoro ya Gasegege wasize igisigocyitwa “Umwami si Umuntu”, akagenda yere kana ko umwami ari hagatiy’Imana n’abantu, ko ari we umenya Imana na we abantu akaba ari webashobora kumenya gusa. Akomeza avuga ko Umwami akamirwa n’Ima-na na we agakamira abantu, ubuzima akaba ari we babukesha.
Dora amwe mu mabango y’icyo gisigo :
Umwam i uyu si umuntuMwebwe bantu yah aye inka
Aba umuntu atari yarorwa
Yerekanwa bugatuma yiyegu ra abatutsi
Akaba ukwe !
Yee ni u kuri
Uwanze kuba umuntu aba UmwamiUmwami ga aho ni we ManaAgahaka abantu!
Yee si umuntu ni Umwami!Umwami uyu ntawe umwigeraNgo aha aturanye na we !Henga mbwire Umwami aho Imana yubatseNarahageze i Zina – wenyine
Imana nyibona mu ijabiro umu !
Nsanga ari we Mana twambaza !Indi Mana ni we uyiziTubona Ngendo twebwe !Umwami si umututsi
Ntabe kandi na MunyiginyaNi umusumba asumba abantu
Agasumban’abisumbuyekgoehsrs
Abigize ba kuru aho basumbana
Akabasumba du na bo!
Umwami uyu asa n’abantu
Basa ku bwoya ntibasa mu nda !
lcyo gisigo ni cyo cya nyuma Semidogoro yasize asezera ku mwam
kubera ko yari ashaje amusaba ko azamumenyera abana. Biragaragarako uwo musizi kimwe na bagenzi be bafatanyije umwuga bihakirwagabigashim isha abami ariko si ukuvuga ko aba babyemeraga. Abami bari
bazi ko babaho nk’abandi bantu, bakarwara, bagapfa.
(Igisigo”Umwami si umuntu” kiri muri bimwe Musenyeri Kagame
yatanze mu nyigisho ze muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda).
DORE UKO ABAMI BURWANDA BAKURIKIRANYE MUKUYIBORA
Mu nyandiko zakozwe, kugeza none, hagendewe kubyo Abiru n’ibisonga by’Abami bagaragaje, Abami b’u Rwanda bakurikiranye n’imyaka bimye ingoma, mu buryo bukurikira kuva mu mwaka wa 1091 kugeza mu wa 1960:
1. Gihanga I Ngomijana (1091-1124)
2. Kanyarwanda Gahima (1124-1157)
3. Yuhi I Musindi (1157-1180)
4. Ndahiro I Ruyange (1180-1213)
5. Ndoba (1213-1246)
6. Samembe (1246-1279)
7. Nsoro I Samukondo (1279-1312)
8. Ruganzu I Bwimba (1312-1345)
9. Cyilima I Rugwe (1345-1378)
10. Kigeli I Mukobanya (1378-1411)
11. Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi I (1411-1444)
12. Yuhi II Gahima II (1444-1477)
13. Ndahiro II Cyamatare (1477-1510)
14. Ruganzu II Ndoli (1510-1543)
15. Mutara I Nsoro II Semugeshi (1543-1576)
16. Kigeli II Nyamuheshera (1576-1609)
17. Mibambwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura (1609-1642)
18. Yuhi III Mazimpaka (1642-1675)
19. Cyilima II Rujugira (1675-1708)
20. Kigeli III Ndabarasa (1708-1741) Karemera Rwaka : (Ku rutonde ntabarwa
kuko yabaye umusigarira wa Ndabarasa ubwo yarwaraga amakaburo)
21. Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo (1741-1746)
22. Yuhi IV Gahindiro (1746-……?)
23. Mutara II Rwogera (1830-1853)
24. Kigeli IV Rwabugili (1853-1895)
25. Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa (1895-1895) Yakorewe kudeta.
26. Yuhi V Musinga (1895-1931)
27. Mutara III Ru
dahigwa (1931-1959)
28. Kigeli V Ndahindurwa (1959-1960